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Jews in Novaya Ushitsa urban-type settlement, Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine

A photo catalog of the burials of this cemetery is available at the LINK

Novaya Ushitsa is the center of the district of the same name in the Khmelnytskyi region of Ukraine. Until 1826 it was called Litnevtsy. In sources it is mentioned from the 15th century as the possession of the gentry Senko. Since the XVI century. - under the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth. In the early 1700s, the Litnevtsy people received the Magdeburg Law. Since 1793 - part of the Russian Empire. Since the end of the 18th century, congresses of qahal foremen have been held in Litnevtsy.

Information about the number of the Jewish population has been known since the 19th century. In the formed Novoushitsk county lived 20 Jewish merchants and 1.6 thousand Jews-petty bourgeoisie. Since the middle of the 19th century, there is information about the growth of the Jewish population in Novaya Ushitsa. If in 1847 there were 725 Jews, then by 1897 their number had increased to 2.2 thousand. Jews made up 34.6% of the local population.

In the first half of the 19th century, the Jews of Novaya Ushitsa were engaged in handicrafts, trade, contracts and rent. There were three synagogues in the town.

Novaya Ushitsa gained fame in the Jewish world thanks to the court case of 1838, which went down in history as novoushitskoye case. More than 80 Jews from Novaya Ushitsa and surrounding settlements were arrested for the murder of two Jewish informers who reported tax evaders to the authorities. The head of the local Hasidic dynasty, Israel Friedman, was taken into custody. The latter was released for lack of evidence. About 80 people were sentenced in the case.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, two Jewish libraries, five pharmacies, a bookstore, general and craft Jewish schools operated in the town. Jews owned 25 grocery and 15 manufacturing shops.

With the outbreak of the First World War, the Jewish population of Novaya Ushitsa increased at the expense of the Jews, whom the Russian authorities expelled from their front-line zones, suspecting in betrayal.

In 1917, a council of workers' and peasants' deputies was created in the village, in which the majority belonged to representatives of the Bund. In 1918, a self-defense detachment was created.

During the 1920s - 1930s, a Yiddish school operated in Novaya Ushitsa. By the end of the 1930s, the Soviet government had liquidated all national institutions.

The Jewish population in the period from 1926 to 1939 fell from 1.8 thousand to 1.5 thousand people. At the same time, its part in the population of Novaya Ushitsa increased. In 1939, Jews constituted 54.9% of the local population.

The settlement was occupied in July 1941. From September 1941 to August 1942, a ghetto functioned in Novaya Ushitsa. In the 1970s, thanks to the efforts of enthusiasts, a stone obelisk was erected to those who died at the hands of the invaders.