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Jews in Slavuta, Ukraine

A photo catalog of the burials of this cemetery is available at the LINK 

Slavuta is a city in the Khmelnytskyi region of Ukraine. It was first mentioned in sources in the 17th century. In 1793 it was annexed by the Russian Empire. It entered the Pale of Settlement.

The first mentions of Jews in Slavuta date back to the 1730s. By this time, there was already a synagogue in the city. In 1765, there were 264 Jews living in Slavuta, who paid the poll tax. 82 years later, there were 1.6 thousand Jews in the city. By 1897, the number of Jews had grown to 4.8 thousand. They accounted for 57% of the local population.

In 1791, Rabbi Moshe Shapira founded a printing house in Slavuta, which specialized in beautiful publications of religious literature. Three deluxe editions of the Talmud brought fame to the printing house. In the 19th century, the sons of Moshe, Shmuel and Pinchas, ran the printing house.

In 1834, Menachem Mann Romm published the Talmud in Vilna. The Shapira brothers decided that their exclusive right to publish the Talmud for 25 years, given to them by the rabbis, had been violated and began a dispute in which dozens of tzadiks of Eastern Europe took part. The brothers were unable to end the dispute. In 1835, the Russian authorities closed the printing house, blaming the brothers for the employee's death.

At the beginning of the 20th century, 6,000 Jews lived in Slavuta. There were three synagogues in the city. There was a cheder. Jews owned 500 houses and 200 shops. In 1919-1920, the community experienced three pogroms.

From 1919 to 1928, a Jewish school operated in the city, in which more than 300 students studied.

In 1926, 4.7 thousand Jews lived in Slavuta. They made up 44.9% of the local population. By 1939, the number of Jews had grown to 5,100, but their percentage in the urban population had dropped to 33%.

The city was occupied on July 7, 1941. Part of Slavuta's Jews managed to evacuate. On August 18, 1941, the invaders carried out a registration, which showed that there were 1.3 thousand Jews in the city. On August 22, 1941, the invaders ordered the Jews to pay 20 thousand rubles.

In mid-August - early September 1941, the Nazis carried out two extermination aktions, shooting about 1,000 people.

The ghetto in the city was created in March 1942. Jews were brought to Slavuta from neighboring settlements. Therefore, 5 thousand people turned out to be prisoners. In June 1942, almost all of the prisoners were shot.

After liberation in 1945, 2 thousand Jews lived in the city, which made up 25% of the population. The increase was due to the resettlement of Jews from the countryside. In September 1945, the authorities registered the religious community. The only synagogue in the Khmelnytskyi region operated in Slavuta. In the 1970s, 250 people attended it.

By the end of the 1970s, 1.3 thousand Jews lived in the city. A decade later, their numbers dropped to 900. In the 1990s, more than 300 Jews from Slavuta emigrated.