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Jews of Ovruch, Ukraine

A photo catalog of the burials of this cemetery is available at the LINK 

Ovruch is a city in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. It has been mentioned in chronicles since 977. The first information about the residence of Jews dates back to 1629. There is evidence that a wooden synagogue existed in the city. However, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Jewish community was destroyed.

Further information about the Jews of Ovruch dates back to the 18th century. It is known that in the 1760s, local Jews owned 80 houses. In Ovruch, there were 607 Jews who paid the poll tax. Local Jews were under the jurisdiction of the Chernobyl kagal and the Chernobyl dynasty of the Tversky tzadiks.

By the 19th century, the village had its own Hasidic courtyard. Yosef Yitzhak Schneerson, a descendant of the Lubavitch rabbi Tsemach Tzedek, created it. After the death of his son Nokhum Dov Ber at the end of the 19th century, a separate Ovruch courtyard ceased to exist.

According to the data of 1847, there were 1.7 thousand Jews in the city. For half a century, their number has doubled and by the end of the 19th century, they accounted for 47% of the local population.

By the beginning of the 20th century, there were seven synagogues in Ovruch, an almshouse and two Jewish cemeteries. Jews controlled local trade. They owned all printing houses, lumberyards, mills, as well as taverns, photographic studios, 11 hotels, and one and a half hundred trading establishments.

The first pogroms in the city took place in 1917. They were arranged by deserters returning from the front. In 1918 the community suffered from the actions of the Petlurovtsy and Kotovtsy. At the same time, the peasants of the Pokalevsky volost created the Ovruch republic. Friedman was the deputy commissar of the republic, and the rebels proposed to the local Jews to create a fighting detachment. However, they didn't support the idea. The Bolsheviks were finally consolidated by 1920.

In the 1920s, there was a school in the city where instruction was conducted in Yiddish, and until the mid-1920s, there were branches of several Zionist organizations. According to the data of 1926, there were 3.4 thousand Jews in the settlement.

In 1939, 3.8 thousand Jews lived in the village, who accounted for more than 30% of the population. With the beginning of the war, some of the Ovruch Jews were mobilized, and some of them managed to evacuate. After the departure of the Red Army and before the arrival of the Nazis, the townspeople staged a pogrom. Ovruch was occupied on August 22, 1941. Already in September, the Nazis carried out the first executions of Jews. They created a ghetto in the city. According to various sources, the occupants killed from 0.5 to 1.5 thousand Jews.

In the postwar years, the number of Jews in the city decreased from 2.2 thousand in 1959 to 677 in 1989. As of 2014, there were 40 people in the local Jewish community.